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used to substitute a shadow area, an 18-percent gray card can be used to represent middle gray, or the back or palm of your hand can be used to substitute a gray tone. lighting conditions that exist in the scene. When the scene is in bright sunlight, the substituted object must also be in bright sunlight. Likewise, a scene in shade requires a substitute light meter reading in shade. gray card can be used for the integrated or averaging methods, a dark and a light card can be used for the scene brightness range method, a dark card for the darkest object method, and a light card for the brightest object method. meter reading. In these cases, a good insurance policy is to bracket your exposure. To bracket, you should take one picture at the exposure indicated by the light meter, over the indicated exposure. overexpose than underexpose. Even though over- exposure produces excess densities in the negative, it still provides a useable image that can normally be corrected in the printing stage. When underexposed, if the image does not exist on the film, no corrective printing techniques can provide image detail. latitude of slide film is limited to ± 1/2 f/stop, you should bracket in 1/2 f/stop increments, both under and over the indicated light meter exposure reading. Color slides that are 1/2 f/stop underexposed have more color saturation and are more usable than ones that are 1/2 f/stop overexposed and appear "washed out" and light. light meter, be sure that shadows are not cast from the light meter, camera, or yourself. When a hand-held light meter is used, the distance of the light meter to the subject should not exceed the shortest dimension of the object; for example, when taking a light meter reading of a person's face that is approximately 9x6 inches, you face of your subject when taking the meter reading. reading. READINGS images. You can prevent these bad readings by being meters read the light falling on the viewing screen from the lens. When strong lighting is coming from behind the camera, it can influence the light meter. When an occasional underexposed frame in an otherwise successful series occurs, the cause may be light entering the SLR viewfinder. Make a point of shielding the view- finder if you do not have a rubber eyecup. When you use viewfinder to prevent exposure errors. likely cause is you have the wrong ISO set on the film speed dial. For black-and-white film and color reversal film, it may be possible to compensate for this in developing if detected before the film is processed. This results in an underexposed image. To prevent this from occurring, you should ensure the sensor is pointed directly at a midtone within the scene, and use this as the camera exposure. When you frame and compose Basic Photography Course |
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