Basic Photography Course

lens, as differentiated from the focal plane or
behind-the-lens shutters. Sometimes applied to an
iris diaphragm whose blades operate between lens
elements.

SHUTTER, FOCAL-PLANE

A shutter located near

the focal plane and consisting of a curtain with a slot
that is pulled across the focal plane to make the
exposure. The width of the slit and the speed it is
moved determine the duration of the exposure.

SHUTTER RELEASE

A device to actuate a camera

shutter.

SHUTTER SPEED

The length of time that light is

permitted to act upon film or paper as a result of the

shutter having opened and closed.

SILHOUETTE

An art term for the outline of a form

in black or white that is offset by a background of

the contrasting color. (PIA)

SILVER HALIDE

A compound of silver and one of

the following elements known as halogens:
chlorine, bromide, iodine, and fluorine. (NMA)

SLANT TRACK

Same as helical scan.

SODIUM HYDROXIDE (CAUSTIC SODA,

SODIUM HYDRATE), NaOH

A deliquescent

white material usually available as pellets, flakes,
or sticks. Soluble in water with the liberation of heat.
A very active accelerator used in high-energy
developers. Concentrated solutions are quite caustic

and will attack the skin, causing painful burns.

SODIUM THIOSULFATE (THIOSULFATE OF

SODA, HYPO) Na

Colorless crystals,

very soluble in water. It is the principal constituent
of most fixing solutions. It may be available in the
anhydrous form.

SOFT

(l) As applied to a photographic emulsion or

developer, having a low contrast. (2) As applied to
the lighting of a set, diffuse, giving a flat scene in
which the brightness difference between highlights
and shadows is small.

SOFT FOCUS

An unsharp photographic image or a

special lens or exposing technique by means of
which it is produced. (PIA)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY (LIQUID AND SOLID)

The

ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of
an equal volume of distilled water.

SPECULAR

Like a mirror, reflecting in a regular

manner so that clear images may be formed,
nondiffusing.

SPOT

A contraction of "spotlight"; a lamp which

projects a narrow, strong beam of light. (Verb) To
remove spots from photographic prints, sometimes
called "positive retouching" or"print retouching."

SQUEEGEE

(l) A rubber blade mounted in a holder

which, when drawn over the surface of a wet film
or paper, removes the surface liquid. (2) Rollers

used for the same purpose. (3) On continuous
processing machines, air squeegees may be used
that remove surface liquid by either suction or by
blowing air against material being processed.

STAIN

A local or general discoloration of negatives

and prints.

STEP TEST

(l) A series of exposures made with

gradual increases in illumination used to determine

proper exposure conditions. (2) To test for contrast
or latitude, you can use a step wedge in a single
exposure. (NMA)

STOP BATH

A stop bath is an acid solution used to

arrest development by neutralizing the alkaline
developer with which the photographic material is

saturated as it leaves the developing bath.

STROBE

Designates an electronic flash lamp.

SUBTRACTIVE PRIMARIES

The three printing

colors used in three-color subtractive color
processes:

magenta (minus green), cyan (minus

red), and yellow (minus blue-violet). (PIA)

SYNCHROFLASH

Photographic arrangement

whereby a photoflash lamp is timed to provide
illumination at the instant when the camera shutter
is wide open.

TIME BASE CORRECTOR (TBC)

An electronic

accessory to a videotape recorder that helps make
playbacks or transfers electronically stable. A TBC
helps to maintain picture stability even in
dubbing-up operations.

TIME TEMPERATURE CHART

A table showing

the optimum time of development at the standard
temperature for various photographic materials in a
given developer or for different times of
development in order to obtain equivalent
development at nonstandard temperatures. (PIA)

TONE

(l) In a photographic negative or print, the

degree of lightness or darkness of the various parts
of the image. (2) A term applied to the color of the

image in a photographic print; that is, warm, cold,
sepia, and so forth.

AI-14

contents

Basic Photography Course

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DOFMaster for Windows On-line Depth of Field Calculator DOFMaster for Mobile Devices On-line Depth of Field Table Hyperfocal Distance Chart Articles FAQ Recommended Books Support Contact Links Home As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.	contents <- previous page next page -> lens, as differentiated from the focal plane or behind-the-lens shutters. Sometimes applied to an iris diaphragm whose blades operate between lens elements. SHUTTER, FOCAL-PLANE A shutter located near the focal plane and consisting of a curtain with a slot that is pulled across the focal plane to make the exposure. The width of the slit and the speed it is moved determine the duration of the exposure. SHUTTER RELEASE A device to actuate a camera shutter. SHUTTER SPEED The length of time that light is permitted to act upon film or paper as a result of the shutter having opened and closed. SILHOUETTE An art term for the outline of a form in black or white that is offset by a background of the contrasting color. (PIA) SILVER HALIDE A compound of silver and one of the following elements known as halogens: chlorine, bromide, iodine, and fluorine. (NMA) SLANT TRACK Same as helical scan. SODIUM HYDROXIDE (CAUSTIC SODA, SODIUM HYDRATE), NaOH A deliquescent white material usually available as pellets, flakes, or sticks. Soluble in water with the liberation of heat. A very active accelerator used in high-energy developers. Concentrated solutions are quite caustic and will attack the skin, causing painful burns. SODIUM THIOSULFATE (THIOSULFATE OF SODA, HYPO) Na 2 S 2 O 3 5H 2 O Colorless crystals, very soluble in water. It is the principal constituent of most fixing solutions. It may be available in the anhydrous form. SOFT (l) As applied to a photographic emulsion or developer, having a low contrast. (2) As applied to the lighting of a set, diffuse, giving a flat scene in which the brightness difference between highlights and shadows is small. SOFT FOCUS An unsharp photographic image or a special lens or exposing technique by means of which it is produced. (PIA) SPECIFIC GRAVITY (LIQUID AND SOLID) The ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of an equal volume of distilled water. SPECULAR Like a mirror, reflecting in a regular manner so that clear images may be formed, nondiffusing. SPOT A contraction of "spotlight"; a lamp which projects a narrow, strong beam of light. (Verb) To remove spots from photographic prints, sometimes called "positive retouching" or"print retouching." SQUEEGEE (l) A rubber blade mounted in a holder which, when drawn over the surface of a wet film or paper, removes the surface liquid. (2) Rollers used for the same purpose. (3) On continuous processing machines, air squeegees may be used that remove surface liquid by either suction or by blowing air against material being processed. STAIN A local or general discoloration of negatives and prints. STEP TEST (l) A series of exposures made with gradual increases in illumination used to determine proper exposure conditions. (2) To test for contrast or latitude, you can use a step wedge in a single exposure. (NMA) STOP BATH A stop bath is an acid solution used to arrest development by neutralizing the alkaline developer with which the photographic material is saturated as it leaves the developing bath. STROBE Designates an electronic flash lamp. SUBTRACTIVE PRIMARIES The three printing colors used in three-color subtractive color processes: magenta (minus green), cyan (minus red), and yellow (minus blue-violet). (PIA) SYNCHROFLASH Photographic arrangement whereby a photoflash lamp is timed to provide illumination at the instant when the camera shutter is wide open. TIME BASE CORRECTOR (TBC) An electronic accessory to a videotape recorder that helps make playbacks or transfers electronically stable. A TBC helps to maintain picture stability even in dubbing-up operations. TIME TEMPERATURE CHART A table showing the optimum time of development at the standard temperature for various photographic materials in a given developer or for different times of development in order to obtain equivalent development at nonstandard temperatures. (PIA) TONE (l) In a photographic negative or print, the degree of lightness or darkness of the various parts of the image. (2) A term applied to the color of the image in a photographic print; that is, warm, cold, sepia, and so forth. AI-14 contents Basic Photography Course <- previous page next page ->	As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.
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