Basic Photography Course

In some color films where tabular-grain (T-grain)

emulsions are used, high speed and increased sharpness
are combined. When these films are manufactured, the
overall thickness of the film is reduced By reducing the
overall thickness, you also reduce the scattering of light
within the film, resulting in improved sharpness. Also,
double-emulsion layers, one fast and one slow, may be
incorporated to improve film speed in color films.

Each emulsion layer of color film either has an

incorporated dye coupler or a dye that is put into the
emulsion during processing. A dye coupler is a chemical
that produces a dye by combining with the oxidized
products that occur during color developer.

Color Negative Film

A color negative film records a scene in image

densities opposite to the brightness of objects in the
scene-the same as a black-and-white negative film.
Color films can be recognized because they contain the
suffix "color," such as Vericolor, Kodacolor, and
Fugicolor. These color films are used when a print is the
final product. Most color negatives (other than color
film used for aerial photography) have an orange mask
This orange mask increases the color separation that
reproduces colors more accurately in the final print.

During development, colors are formed in the

emulsion that are complementary to the color of the
original scene; for example, a red object in the scene is
recorded as cyan in the negative. It is a combination of
yellow, magenta, and cyan that records all the other
colors that you see in the scene. Color dyes in the
emulsion layers control the colors of light passing

through the color negative.

Color negative film images can be printed on color

positive materials, such as color paper and color print

film, to produce color prints or color transparencies.
Color negatives can also be printed on a special

panchromatic black-and-white paper to produce
black-and-white prints.

Color Reversal Film

Color reversal films produce positive images in

densities directly proportional to the reflective
brightnesses of objects and in the same colors as those
in the original scene. Reversal films are recognized by
the suffix "chrome" in their names, such as Ektachrome,
Kodachrome, and Fujichrome.

The positive image of most color reversal film is

produced by a two-stage development process. This

process causes chemical fogging and color developing
of the portions of the silver halide emulsions that were
not affected by camera exposure or the first
black-and-white developer. Like color negative film,
color reversal film has three emulsion layers that are
sensitive to blue, green, and red light and produces
yellow, magenta, and cyan dyes, respectively. The film
contains dye-forming chemicals that are put into the
emulsion layers during manufacturing. A color
developer produces three dye images in the emulsion
layers. The three dye images in a developed color
reversal film control the colors of light passing through
the film.

Kodachrome film does not contain dye-forming

chemicals in the emulsion layers. They are introduced
during processing from three separate color developer
solutions. Kodachrome film has high resolving power

and tine grain and produces a fine image. Processing
Kodachrome film is a complex operation and can only

be performed by a Kodak processing plant.

Developed color reversal film can be used as a

transparency (slide) for direct viewing, printed directly
onto a color reversal paper, copied on a black-and-white
film for producing black-and-white prints, or copied to
a color internegative (copy negative) for producing
color prints.

Color Balance

Color balance is the acceptable relationship among

the three color images in a positive color print or slide.
This means that when the color print or slide looks
correct, color balance has been achieved.

To help achieve this acceptable relationship, the

manufacturer balances color film emulsions for
exposure with a specific Kelvin temperature (K).
Remember, daylight usually has a higher content of blue
light than red light, while tungsten illumination usually
has a higher content of red light than blue light. To

compensate for the lower proportion of red light in
daylight, the manufacturer balances color films for
daylight, so they have a higher sensitivity to red light
than to blue light. To compensate for the lower
proportion of blue light in tungsten illumination, the

manufacturer balances color films for tungsten
illumination, so they have a higher sensitivity to blue

light than to red light.

Generally, color films are referred to as daylight

(outdoor) or tungsten (indoor), indicating their broad
use without filters. Specifically, daylight films are
balanced for use in sunlight or with an electronic flash

2-6

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Basic Photography Course

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DOFMaster for Windows On-line Depth of Field Calculator DOFMaster for Mobile Devices On-line Depth of Field Table Hyperfocal Distance Chart Articles FAQ Recommended Books Support Contact Links Home As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.	contents <- previous page next page -> In some color films where tabular-grain (T-grain) emulsions are used, high speed and increased sharpness are combined. When these films are manufactured, the overall thickness of the film is reduced By reducing the overall thickness, you also reduce the scattering of light within the film, resulting in improved sharpness. Also, double-emulsion layers, one fast and one slow, may be incorporated to improve film speed in color films. Each emulsion layer of color film either has an incorporated dye coupler or a dye that is put into the emulsion during processing. A dye coupler is a chemical that produces a dye by combining with the oxidized products that occur during color developer. Color Negative Film A color negative film records a scene in image densities opposite to the brightness of objects in the scene-the same as a black-and-white negative film. Color films can be recognized because they contain the suffix "color," such as Vericolor, Kodacolor, and Fugicolor. These color films are used when a print is the final product. Most color negatives (other than color film used for aerial photography) have an orange mask This orange mask increases the color separation that reproduces colors more accurately in the final print. During development, colors are formed in the emulsion that are complementary to the color of the original scene; for example, a red object in the scene is recorded as cyan in the negative. It is a combination of yellow, magenta, and cyan that records all the other colors that you see in the scene. Color dyes in the emulsion layers control the colors of light passing through the color negative. Color negative film images can be printed on color positive materials, such as color paper and color print film, to produce color prints or color transparencies. Color negatives can also be printed on a special panchromatic black-and-white paper to produce black-and-white prints. Color Reversal Film Color reversal films produce positive images in densities directly proportional to the reflective brightnesses of objects and in the same colors as those in the original scene. Reversal films are recognized by the suffix "chrome" in their names, such as Ektachrome, Kodachrome, and Fujichrome. The positive image of most color reversal film is produced by a two-stage development process. This process causes chemical fogging and color developing of the portions of the silver halide emulsions that were not affected by camera exposure or the first black-and-white developer. Like color negative film, color reversal film has three emulsion layers that are sensitive to blue, green, and red light and produces yellow, magenta, and cyan dyes, respectively. The film contains dye-forming chemicals that are put into the emulsion layers during manufacturing. A color developer produces three dye images in the emulsion layers. The three dye images in a developed color reversal film control the colors of light passing through the film. Kodachrome film does not contain dye-forming chemicals in the emulsion layers. They are introduced during processing from three separate color developer solutions. Kodachrome film has high resolving power and tine grain and produces a fine image. Processing Kodachrome film is a complex operation and can only be performed by a Kodak processing plant. Developed color reversal film can be used as a transparency (slide) for direct viewing, printed directly onto a color reversal paper, copied on a black-and-white film for producing black-and-white prints, or copied to a color internegative (copy negative) for producing color prints. Color Balance Color balance is the acceptable relationship among the three color images in a positive color print or slide. This means that when the color print or slide looks correct, color balance has been achieved. To help achieve this acceptable relationship, the manufacturer balances color film emulsions for exposure with a specific Kelvin temperature (K). Remember, daylight usually has a higher content of blue light than red light, while tungsten illumination usually has a higher content of red light than blue light. To compensate for the lower proportion of red light in daylight, the manufacturer balances color films for daylight, so they have a higher sensitivity to red light than to blue light. To compensate for the lower proportion of blue light in tungsten illumination, the manufacturer balances color films for tungsten illumination, so they have a higher sensitivity to blue light than to red light. Generally, color films are referred to as daylight (outdoor) or tungsten (indoor), indicating their broad use without filters. Specifically, daylight films are balanced for use in sunlight or with an electronic flash 2-6 contents Basic Photography Course <- previous page next page ->	As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.
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